Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) occurs when bacteria no longer respond to antimicrobial medicines

As a result of drug resistance, antibiotics become ineffective and infections become difficult or impossible to treat, increasing the risk of disease spread, severe illness, disability and death.

Antibiotic Misuse is the main driver in the development of drug-resistance pathogens

Approximately 30of antibiotics prescriptions are unnecessary in U.S doctor’s offices and ED(4).

A Three Decade Decline in New Antibiotic Development

The number of new antibiotics developed and approved has decreased steadily over the past three decades, leaving fewer options to treat resistant bacteria. (5)

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Resources:

1. World Health Organization(WHO)/Antimicrobial resistance. Updated 21 November 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance

2. Thiruchelvi Pulingam et al, Antimicrobial resistance: Prevalence, economic burden, mechanisms of resistance and strategies to overcome,European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106103.

3. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). 2019 Antibiotic Resistance Threats Report. Updated March 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/data-research/threats/index.html

4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Outpatient Antibiotic Prescribing In the United States. Updated April 2024. https://www.cdc.gov/antibiotic-use/hcp/data-research/antibiotic-prescribing.html

5. Ventola CL. The antibiotic resistance crisis: part 1: causes and threats. P T. 2015 Apr;40(4):277-83. PMID: 25859123; PMCID: PMC4378521. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4378521/

6. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Transatlantic Taskforce on Antimicrobial Resistance (TATFAR). Updated April 2024 https://www.cdc.gov/tatfar/php/about/index.html

7. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Antimicrobial Resistance Investment Map and Funding. Updated May 2024 https://www.cdc.gov/antimicrobial-resistance/programs/AR-investment-map.html

8. World Health Organization(WHO). Global action plan on antimicrobial resistance https://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/WHA68/A68_R7-en.pdf